포루스 (펀자브 왕, 재위 기원전 340 - 기원전 317)

마케도니아의 알렉산더 대왕이 인도까지 원정을 갔을 당시 펀자브 왕(마하라자), 히다스페스 전투에서 알렉산더 대왕과 격전을 벌였다.
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King Porus King of Paurava and dominions extending to Hyphasis. King Porus fighting Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. An early 18th-century Russian lubok. Reign 340 - 317 BC Birthplace Paurava , Punjab region Died 317 BC Place of death Punjab region Malayketu Successor Malayketu (King Porus' son) Royal House Paurava Yaduvanshi[1] King Porus (also Rai Por) was the King of Paurava. The state falls within the territory of Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (in Greek, the Hydaspes and the Acesines) rivers in the Punjab and dominions extending to the Beas (in Greek, the Hyphasis).[2] Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore.[3] The Greek historian Arrian mentions the river of Hydaspes. The Greeks refer to the Jhelum river as the Hydaspes River where Alexander the Great fought Porus in Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BCE. King Porus was said to be "5 cubits tall", either the implausible 2.3 m (7½ ft) assuming an 18-inch cubit, or the more likely 1.8 m (6 ft) if a 14-inch Macedonian cubit was meant. Either height would be unusually tall for the period. Contents [hide] 1 Dynastic background of Porus: possibly a Yadava king 2 Conflict, alliance and comradeship with Alexander 3 Satrap 4 Death 5 References 6 Literature 7 External links [edit] Dynastic background of Porus: possibly a Yadava king There were no known Hindu textual sources regarding Porus indicating the tribe or ethnic group he belonged to. Several ethnic groups in the Indian subcontinent have tried to claim him as their own ancestor. However, the academic consensus seems to be that he was a Yadava or Yaduvanshi king. Col. Tod was the proponent of this view which was also held by Dr. Ishwari Prashad, another renowned historian. [4] [1][5] [edit] Conflict, alliance and comradeship with Alexander Unlike his neighbour, Ambhi (in Greek: Omphis), King Porus chose to fight Alexander the Great in order to defend his kingdom, Paurava, and its people. King Porus fought the Battle of the Hydaspes River with Alexander in 326 BC. After fierce fighting and very heavy casualties on both sides, he was defeated by Alexander in a Pyrrhic victory.[6] The battle is often considered to be Alexander's hardest fought battle,[7][8] so hard that it caused his army to mutiny against him afterwards.[9] In a famous meeting with Porus - who had suffered many arrow wounds in the battle and had lost his sons, who all chose death in battle rather than surrender -- Alexander reportedly asked him, "How would you like to be treated?" Porus replied, "As befits a king." Alexander was so impressed by the brave and admirable response of King Porus that he released him back to his Kingdom and gave him the captured land of a neighbouring Kingdom whose ruler had fled. [10] Later, King Porus is reported to have participated in Alexander's conquests further east in India. During the attack and destruction of Sagala, Porus rallied Alexander and supplied elephants as well as 5,000 troops: "At this point too, Porus arrived, bringing with him the rest of the elephants and some five thousand Indians" Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.24.4 In recognition for his support, Alexander gave him the dominion over the territories he had conquered, as far as the Hyphasis: "He added the territories as far as the river Hyphasis to Porus' dominion, and he himself began to return towards the Hydraotes." Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2 [edit] Satrap King Porus seems to have held the position of a Hellenistic satrap for several years after Alexander's departure. He is first mentioned as satrap of the area of the Hydaspes in the text of the Partition of Babylon on 323 BCE. His position was confirmed again in 321 BC at the Partition of Triparadisus. [edit] Death Indian sources record[citation needed] that Porus was killed by mistake by the Amatya Rakshasa, who was trying to assassinate Chandragupta instead. Greek historians, however, record that he was assassinated, sometime between 321 and 315 BC (317 BC accepted year), by the Thracian general Eudemus, who had remained in charge of the Macedonian armies in the Punjab: "From India came Eudamus, with 500 horsemen, 300 footmen, and 120 elephants. These beasts he had secured after the death of Alexander, by treacherously slaying King Porus" —Diodorus Siculus XIX-14 After his assassination, his son King Malayketu ascended the throne with the help of Eudemus. However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC.[citation needed] [edit] References ^ a b "To convince the reader I do not build upon nominal resemblance , when localities do not bear me out, he is requested to call to mind , that we have elsewhere assigned to Yadus of the Punjab the honour of furnishing the well known king named Porus; although the Puar, the usual pronunciation of Pramar, would afford a more ready solution." Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, pp 283, By James Tod, Edition: 2, Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001, ISBN 8120612892, 9788120612891 ^ Arrian Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2 ^ www.livius.org ^ "We have assigned to the Yadus the honour of furnishing King Puru, who opposed Alexander" , History of India: (from the earliest times to the fall of the Mughal Empire) , pp 86, 91-95, Indian Press (1947),Dr. Ishwari Prashad, ASIN: B0007KEPTA ^ Ghazni to Jaiselmer (Pre-medieval History of the Bhatis), pp 93, Hari Singh Bhati, Publisher: Hari Singh Bhati, 1998, Printers: Sankhala Printers, Bikaner ^ Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) and Army. Fontys University. ^ History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash. ^ The Campaigns Of Alexander, p. 281. ^ History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash. ^ History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash. [edit] Literature Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander, book 5. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr. Buddha Parkash. Lendring, Jona. Alexander de Grote - De ondergang van het Perzische rijk (Alexander the Great. The demise of the Persian empire), Amsterdam: Athenaeum - Polak & Van Gennep, 2004. ISBN 90-253-3144-0 Holt, Frank L. Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions, California: University of California Press, 2003, 217pgs. ISBN 0-520-24483-4 Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, By James Tod, Edition History of India: (from the earliest times to the fall of the Mughal Empire), Dr. Ishwari Prashad [edit] External links Porus at Livius, by Jona Lendering